Geotechnical engineers play a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and efficacy of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various causes, such as geological formations, erosion, or human actions. Utilizing a suite of i

Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical integrity. Accurately mapping these voids is essential for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole analysis, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geop

Cavity characterization plays a vital role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity shape and properties is essential for precisely assessing the potential impact on foundations . Geotechnical engineers utilize various techniques to characterize cavities, inclu

Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can probe beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral presence.